Internal-combustion motor-engine turbine or reaction wheel.



J. HUTGHINGS. INTERNAL GMBUSTION MOTOR ENGINE TURBINE 0R REACTION WHEEL.

yAPPLICATION FILED NOV. 21, 1908.

Patented Aug. 16, 1910.

14 SHEETS-SHEET l.

J. HUT'GHINGS.

INTERNAL OOMEUSTION MOTOE ENGINE TUEBINE OE EEAOTION WHEEL.

APPLICATION FILED NOV. 21I 1908.

14 SHEETS-SEEE?! 2.

lllll Patented Aug. 16, 1910.

J. HUTGHINGS. INTERNAL OOMBUSTION MOTOE ENGINE TURBINE OE REACTION WHEEL.

APPLICATION FILED NOV. 21, 1908.

Patented Aug. 16, 1910.

7.. www l ,w 5 4M w 7 I 4 w J. HUTUHINGS. INTERNAL GOMBUSTION MOTOR ENGINE TURBINE 0R REACTION WHEEL.

APPLICATION FILED NOV. 21, 1908.

Patented Aug. 16, 1910.

14 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

FIGA.

Patented Aug. 16, 1910.

14 sHBETs-SHBBT s.

fst

JMA, KW

J. HUTCHINGS'.

APPLICATION FILED Nov. 21, 1908.

INTERNAL GOMBUSTION MOTOR ENGINE TURBINE 0R REACTION WHEEL.

J. HUTGHINGS. INTERNAL OOMBUSTION MOTOE ENGINE TUEBINE 0R REACTION WHEEL.

APPLIUATION FILED NOV. 21, 1908.

Patented Aug. 16, 1910.

`14 SHEETS-SHEET e.

J. HUTGHINGS.

INTERNAL GOMBUSTION MOTOR ENGINE TURBINE 0R REACTION WHEEL.

APPLICATION FILED NOV.21,190B.

Pafented Aug. 16,1910.

14 SHEETS-SHEET 7.

J. HUTGHINGS.

INTERNAL OOMEUSTION MOTOR ENGINE TUREINE OR REAOTION WHEEL.

APPLICATION FILED NOV. 21, 1908.

Patented Aug. 16, 1910.

14 SHEETS-SHEET 8.

FIC.8.

J. HUTGHINGS. INTERNAL GGMBUSTION MOTOR ENGINE TURBINE 0R REACTION WHEEL.

APPLICATION FILED NOV. 21, 1908;

Patented Aug. 16, 1910.

14 SHEETS-SHEET a.

Zzvzz d70 YlU/Mz 6 o o 0430/20 5o -75 45 m'ZeLSCSe/r J. HUTGHINGS. INTERNAL CoMEUsTIoN MOTOR ENGINE TUEBINE 9E REACTION WHEEL.

APPLICATION FILED NOV. 21, 1908.

Patented Aug. 16,1910.

14 SHEETS-SHEET 10.

J. HUTGHINGS. INTERNAL GOMBUSTION MOTOR ENGINE TURBINE 0R REACTION WHEEL.

APPLICATION FILED NOV. 21, 1908.'

Patented Aug. 16, 1910.

14 SHEETS-SHEET 1l.

J. HUTCHINGS. INTERNAL COMBUSTION MOTOR ENGINE TURBINE 0R REACTION WHEEL.

APPLIOATION FILED NOV. 21, 1908.

Patented Aug. 16, 1910.

14 SHEETS-SHEET 12.

J. HUTCHINGS.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION MOTOR ENGINE TURBNE OR REACTION WHEEL.

APPLICATION FILED NOV. 21, 1908.

Patented Aug. 16, 1910.

14 SHEETS-SHEET 13.

FICJS.

J. HUTCHINGS.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION MOTOR ENGINE TURBINE 0R REACTION WHEEL.

APPLICATION FILED NOV. 21, 1908. 4 967,778. Patented Aug. L16, 1910.

14 SHEETS-SHEET 14.

@Qzjw UNITED sTATEs 'PA TENT OFFICE..

JOI-IN HUTCHINGS, OF LONDON, ENGLAND.

Specication of Letters Patent.

Patented Aug. 16, 1910.

Application led November 21,1908. Serial No. 463,836.

HUTCHINGS, a

' hydrocarbon in admixture with air is exploded or combined within a combustion chamber, and the present invention is particularly designed to simplify the arrangement and reduce the complexity and number of the parts of the mechanism whereby the driving of the turbine or rotor is effected by connecting parts delivering the motive fluid in regulated and controlled streams on to the rotor blades, and whereby this driving having been effected thereby, that fluid is allowed to escape to exhaust or if the apparat-us is so modified it is again returned to the internal combustion engine to react therein and be reconverted into motive energy.

The present invention is particularly' designed to modify, simplify, render more compact and economical the various parts of the combination of mechanism referred to, and by improving the construction of the individual parts referred to render their cooperation in the cycle of movements more eflicient and uniform, resulting in the mainof an end view,

tenance of a more even temperature and continuity of stream of motive fluid with uniformity of pressure throughout.

Description of the drawings Figures 1 and 2 show respectively the left hand and right hand half part plan views partly in section taken on the line M, N Figs. 3 and 4; Figs. 3 and lare the left hand and right hand half portions respectively, of a side elevation partly in section the section being taken on the line K, L, Figs. 1 and 2; Figs. 5 and 6 are similar views to the preceding figures in sectional elevation of the compressor taken onthe line O, P, Figs.. 1 and 2; Fig. 7 is the left hand half in elevation) and Fig. 8 the right hand half (in section) the section being taken on R, Fig. 3; Fig. 9 is a sectional combustion chamber taken on the line Q, View of the the line G, H, Fig. 3; Fig. 10 is a section of the compressor and 'taken on the line S, T, Fig. 1; Fig. 11 is a sectional elevation of the supply and exhaust valves and the means for regulating their relative movement, the section being taken on the line E, F, Fig. 3; Fig. 12 is a side elevation of the preceding figure; Fig. 13 is a section on the line C, D, Fig. 11 of the inlet and exhaust valves and passages; Fig. 14 shows a sectional elevation of a portion of Fig. 3 being the parts adjacent to the combustion chamber, and modified so as to heat the air separately wfrom the gases to supportcombustion.

The driving of the turbine a which is of the reversible type and provided with circumferential or peripherally arranged buckf ets or vanes 1, 1, inclosed in anannular chamber 2 into which inclined jets of compressed motive fluid are delivered, the direction of delivery being controlled by reversing the valve b for the side delivery nozzles 1', i" and s, s and intermediate peripheral delivery nozzles 4, 4 (F ig. 2) either single channeled, or as shown multiple channeled, and this multiple channeled inlet valve and the exhaust valves are worked simultaneously as shown by hand gear c, (or by lever'- arms, or the like). That is to say, referring to Figs. 11, 12 and 13, these three valves vizt-the inlet valve Z2, it-s spindle 61 and its pinion 62, the forward direction exhaust valve (53 (speaking of direction as that of the clock) its spindle G4 and its pinion 65, and the backward direction valve 66, its spindle 67 and its pinion 68 are all operated, as follows: The pinions 62, 65 and 68 all intermcsh. The pinion 62 has connected rigidly to it a handle G9 so that when the valve b is moved forward or back a corresponding motion is imparted to each exhaust valve G3 and .(56. When the handle 69 of valve,l b is turned from the bottom position F igs; 12 and 13 to mid position the exhaust valve 63 is opened and valve 66 correspondingly kept closed. The motive Huid entering the turbine chamber 2 through the valve b is directed to the upper nozzles, 4, 7', and s, and after passing around the top of the wheel it exhausts through the valve 63 to the exhaust passage 52. Further movement of the handle 69 to its top position (full lines Fi 12) reverses the inlet valve b, and ex iaust valve 63 is closed and exhaust valve 66 simultaneously opened with t-he clfeot that the direction of rotation of turbine is reversed by reason of 'the reversal of ldirection. of de- 1s exhausted by'the valve 66 into the saine exhaust passage 52'.

The products of combustion that have been exhausted into the passage 52 are thenceled to the chamber 73 (Fig. 3) vbelow the burner 44 and their direction lof flow through this chamber is the opposite of that of the current of the air flowing under pressure through the pipes 45 withinsaid chamber so that the air pipesat'their coolest point,that is to say, next the airreservoir 9, will be exposed to thefheatedproducts of combustion at a lower temperature than said pipes near the combustion chamber d. The air in said pipes thus becomes heated more land more as lit approaches the combustion chamber d and the burner 44.

Wherehigher pressures are called `for the respective, exhaustcurrents of exhaust gases are conveyed yfrom the chamber 7 3 into pipes, as 71, 71,V located within the chamber IL wherein `they part with their heat to the vWater contained insaid chamber h, and from these pipes 71 the exhaust gases escape to atmosphere by an opening shown at 72, Fig.'1, in dotted lines, or are condensed.

' The reversible vturbine a referred to has peripheral radial blades (3) forming with the inclosing annular chamber (2) openf sided circumferential compartments or buckets 1 and these blades 3 are acted upon by the vimpin'ging fluid (under pressure) supplied by central nozzles 4, 4, which deliver in an inclined `direction, or alternately from side. nozzles 7', r .and 8,3 4which deliverin a direction tangential to the inner face of the casing 6 (these nozzles in either case beingl supplied from channels 5 opening'into t e chamberd hereinafter referred to) or these sets-of nozzles 4, 4vmay deliver laterally fromy the sides of the said casing, or all these nozzles may be brought into use in combination. The open sided bucket compartments may be continued to any convenient extent inthe direction of the axis e.

The deflecting surfaces 7, 7, (Fig. 8) are herein shown as being inclined, they may however be curved, and are formed in the walls of the turbine casing 6 adjacent to the side compartments 1, 1, of the turbine upon which the jetsof compressed fluid impinge and by which the fluid isguided on to the faces of the blades forming the buckets 1, 1. The delecting surfaces are arranged iat the sides vof the wheel in reversely arranged pairs, lor series, and each pair of oppositely inclined surfaces 7, 7, is soarranged, that it extends along the side'faceof the adjacent blades, to a distance e ual to two o ensided compartments or bue Aets 1, 1, an the nozzles 4, 4, 1', r and s, s are arranged iii a corresponding manner with due provision for leffecting reversal of direction of flow vandfcpnsequent reversal of direction of rotaor other combusti le matter is effected in combination with regulated quantities of 4air or its equivalent such as oxygen to bring aboutv combustion, and the roducts of combustion are thence conveye through a suitable channel, or as shown channels 5, 5,(Fig. 9) yregulated by valve apparatus b, c, autoinaticallyv or otherwise actuated. These valves are shown for simplicit hand operated and geared together. he ignition is attained by usual electrical or `other means.

Upon first igniting an explosive mixture in the chamber d and prior to the opening up of free communication between it and the turbine the passage 60 is left open by appropriately positionin the valve b so that the products of com ustion are free to pass to the atmosphere.

8 indicates the situation of a sparking device consisting of .a wire 43 capable of incandescencc under the action of electrical energy. The wire can be turned by the button 50 on the axle 51 out of position when not required for sparking.

The air forsu ply to support the coinbination, or com ustion, within the said chamber d is received from a Vessel, or first receiver, 9, into which air is forced under high pressure by a compression pump, the

lpiston 10 (or it may be pistons) of which is shown as double acting for economy and uniformity in the supply, 11 is the cylinder thereof, 12, 12, are inlet valves and 13, 13, outlet valves thereto, 14, 14 are passages therefrom `uniting in a joint passave 15, Figs. 5, 6 and l0, partly shown b ldotted lines, Figs. 5 and 6, and in more etail, in Fig. 10 leading upward and thence down into the reservoir 9. The rod of this pump piston 10 is driven by connections from the crankfon the axle 17 of a gear wheel 18 receiving its motion from a pinion ,19 on the axle e of the turbine a, or receiving motion therefrom in an equivalent manner by like means. 4

To enable the piston 10 and its cylinder 11 to work easily and in a confined space the saidcylinder is mounted on trunnions 20, 20 in'well understood manner. To accommodate the rockin motion of the cylinder the supply pipe or water cooling for the jacket' of the cylinder is made flexible as at 59 Figs. 7 and 8 where lthe full and dotted linesshow the opposite extreme positions of fiexure.

The combustible fluid is supplied from a reservoir f suitably positioned, as shown at Fig. 2, having its supply derived from any suitable source by way of a passage lending to a force pump actuated by a cranked axle on a belt-driven shaft 32, or similar device. This shaft 32 is driven by the shaft 17 by means of'4 a pulley 33 driving said belt, and the pressure therein maintained to prevent back flow may be attained by hydrostatic means; or by a pressure pump or the like acting on a piston or diaphragm interposed between the fluid developing the pressure on the oil or combustion-maintaining liquid and said liquid itself. A non-return valve between the combustion chamber and the oil reservoir yand also between the air supply reservoir and combustion chamber prevents any back flow.

Referring to Fig. 14. In this arrangement the compressed air `from the reservoir 9 is by means of pipes 45, (carried through the exhaust chamber 73) led into chambers 54 and thence by other pipes 55 into a coil of piping 56 whence the highly heated air is delivered into a valve ante chamber 57 from which it is delivered into one o r other of a pair of nozzles 4, 4, oppositely inclined by which the air is propelled on to the vanes of the turbine the selection of direction of delivery being determined by the valve b. When this arrangement is employed the products of combustion from the chamber d are led directly through the passage g indicated by dotted lines and from thence into the exhaust passage 52 (Fig. Such quantity of air as 1s needed to eflectV combination or support combustion in the chamber d is supplied through the pas-- sage 55 (Fig. 14) controlled by a valve 58', the products of combustion, or highly heated gases, instead of being 4conducted directly on to the turbine wor similar device, to impart motion thereto, are conducted around a coil 56, air under pressure being supplied to said coil through the passage 55 which is controlled by a valve 58, and the snrrounding heated products of combustion will by imparting their heat to these pipes 56, and tothe included air, bring about ext panslon and enhanced pressure to the jets of motor fluid delivered on to the Vanes or buckets of t-he wheel. In this case the products of combustion pass away through openings one of which g is shown by dotted lines, leading from the combustion chamber d into the exhaust passage 52.

Means for visual examination of the internal combustion chamber may be provided by a spy tube and lens, as at 38, but this will be well understood. A convenient arrangement is shown in which 39 is a diaphragm of lncombustible material of trans-` and gases or vapors but not to the flame which is confined to the outer surface of the mantle and effect combustion externally of this surface; or the said fluid may be delivered within the permeable mantle or reticulate surface and the airv to support combustion may be independently supplied around said outer surface, with the consequent eilect that the mantle or permeable surface becomes highly heated or glowsinto incandescence or produces a White flare. In Figs. 3 and v9 are shown such a device wherein an ignition wire 43 is located in the chamber formed between the upper and lower surfaces of the hood or mantle 44, through the orifices in which the combined air and gas under pressure escapes into chamber d. The air to the mantle 44. enters the pipes 45-and traverses the coils thereof absorbing heat imparted to them by the escaping roducts of com ustion in the exhaust cham er 73 surrounding them and therefrom the air expands into the chamber 46 and thence passes through the perforated plate 47 which serves to divide the flow and equalize distribution of the air to the point of delivery of the gas entering' by the jets 36.

The supply of gas is controlled b v the stop. cock 48 and the air is similarly controlled by another stop cock (not shown). To insure eqnalized admixture of the coinponent air and gas fo-rming the combustible medium, a subsi-diary air inlet 4S) is provided, see Figs. 3 and 9, this inlet leading into the space within the mantle andy Achamber or rcticnlate hood within another similar chamber or hood delivering the gases and air into separate hoods or chambersand effecting combustion of the mixture exter* nally of the outer hood or permeable chamber has many advantages but I do not confine myself to the particular arrangement shown. The airA passages 14, 14, leading to f the outlets 15, 15, are so arranged as to allow any Water which may collect inthe compressor 'cylinders to be drawn off through 55a Water trap 53 (seen in'Figs. 5, 6 and 10) of which, 74 is the outer cock lever located vat the bottom of the compressory outside the water jacketing. 1

Referring to F igs, 5 and 6 h is .the water C\ store tank supplied by pipe z' from a suitandin what manner the same is to be perl formed, I declare that what I .claim-is:-

1.- In an` internal combustion motor, the combination of an im act Wheel and a casing ,therefor providey with deflecting surfaces adjacentA the blades of said Wheel, an

inlet valve, an exhaust valve on each side of,4

said inlet valve, said casing having angularly disposed inlet nozzles leading from said inlet valve and directed toward the pe- 3o riphery of said impact wheel and toward said defiecting surfaces, and means 'for simultaneously operating the inlet and ex.

haust valves for Vchangin the direction of rotation of saidimpact W eel.

2; In an internal combustion motor, the

combination of'an impact wheel and a casing therefor provided with a circular series of deflecting surfaces adjacent the blades of said Wheel, an inlet valve, an exhaust valve 40 oneach side of said inlet valve, said casing having twol sets of angularly disposed inletnozzles leading from said inlet valve in opn positedirections vtoward the periphery of said impact Wheel and toward said deflectin surface for the passage of the motive ui to 4rotate said im act wheel in' either direction, and means or operating the inlet and exhaust valves for changingv the direction of flow of the fluid motor force.

3.111 an internal combustion motor, the

combination of an impact wheel and 'a casingl therefor, peripheral buckets on said wheel opening on each side andxdivided centrally lby l diaphragms, saidv casing having oppositely inclined delecting surfaces adjav cent said buckets, a combustion chamber, a burner `therein for burning hydro-carbon and air, an inlet valve for admitting the products of combustion to said impact wheel,

an exhaust valve, an exhaust chamber,and

air/ inlet pipes leading to the burner extendingl through said exhaust chamber and tion.

- t heated by the escaping products o f combusv 4. In an.` internal combustion motor, the

Aports in said inlet valve being adapted to combination of an impact'wheel, a casing therefor, a combustion chamber vfor burning a hydro-carbon and air, the roducts of combustion serving to rotate sai wheel, an inlet valve, an exhaust valve, means for simultaneously opeating said valves, an exhaust chamber, and, air pipes extending therethrough to` the combustion chamber in a direction opposite the How of the products of combustion for the purpose of gradually heating the air in said air pi es as it approaches the combustion cham er.

5. In an internal combustion rhotor, the combination of an impact Wheel, a casing therefor, an inlet valve, said casing having uninterrupted nozzles leading directly from said valve adapted to be opened and closed, in opposite directions to the impact wheel, an ex aust valve on each 'side' of said inlet valve, means for simultaneously operating the inlet and exhaust valves, a combustion chamber, a burner therein for burning an explosive combustible and air under pressure, the heated products of combustion under said pressure serving as motive power for rotatingI said impact wheel.

6. In an internal combustion motor, the combination of an im act wheel having peripheral buckets dividped centrally b a cont-inuous partition, a casing there or provided with a circular series of deiiect-in surfaces adjacent each set of blades o said wheel, an inlet valve having ports therethrough, and two sets of angularly disposed inlet nozzles, the nozzles of one set leading upwardly to the deflecting surfaces aforesaid and the central partition dividing the buckets, respectively, and the other nozzles leading'downwardly to similar points, the

register with either set of passages.

7. In an internal combustion motor, the combination of an impact wheel, a casing therefor, a combustion chamber, a burner in said combustion chamber, a pump for forcing a combustible fluid to said burner, a

pump for forcing air through a re ulating device to said burner, an inlet va ve controlling passages in said casing through which the products of combustion of said hydro-carbon may reach said impact wheel and rotate it in one direction or the other, and an exhaust valve on each side of said inlet valve adapted to be opened and closed simultaneously withthe movements of the in et.

8. In an internal combustion motor, the combination of an impact Wheel, a casing therefor, inlet and exhaust valves, a combustion chamber, a burner in said chamber, separate means for forcing a hydro-carbon and air to said burner, where they combine and burn, the products of such combustion forming the motive force for rotating the lmpact wheel, and means for introducing water vapor to the combustion chamber above and below said burner.

9. In an internal combustion motor, the combination of an impact Wheel, a casing therefor, inlet and exhaust valves, a combustion chamber, a burner in said chamber, separate means for forcing a hydro-carbon and air to said burner, where they combine and burn, the product-S of such combustion forming the motive force for rotating the impact wheel, and an electric igniter comprising a heating wire mounted on a rotatable shaft and adapted to be raised above the burner for igniting the hydro-carbon and air and turn to one side of said burner after ignition.

10. In an internal combustion motor, the combination of an impact wheel, a casing therefor, inlet and exhaust valves, a combustion chamber, a burner in said chamber, separate means for forcing a hydro-carbon and air to said burner, where they combine and burn, the products of such combustion forming the motive force for rotating the impact wheel, and a compressed air pipe coil in said combustion chamber above the burner and connected to the seat of the inlet valve.

l1. The combination or arrangement with a reversible internal combustion motor en gine turbine or reaction Wheel having opensided buckets or vanes arranged around the rotor and inclosed within the annular chamber whose side walls are formed of pairs of oppositely inclined surfaces each pair or span of suchA surfaces being equal to the width of two compartments of the rotor, said surfaces serving to deflect motive fluid impinging upon them under pressure in inclined directions by corresponding jets from which surfaces the fluid is delivered on to the blades or buckets of the rotor in one or other of oppositedirections controlled by reversible simultaneously operated sets of supply and exhaust valves,

which valves also control other passages supplying the fluid to the outer part of the buckets, of a chamber Whereinto motive fluid composed of combustible matter and air or oxygen combined is fed and ignited, and the resultant products of combustion are conveyed through channels regulated by valves to the jets referred to, there to drive the rotor; means for compressing such air, means for supplying combustible matter and air, and a burner for effecting admixture and combustion of the combustible fluids when under high pressure, substantiallyy as described.

l2. In a machine of the kind referred to, a turbine comprising a casing containing a rotor provided with a double series of periplierally arranged radial blades forming buckets, each set of buckets being open only to one side of the casing and the other set to the opposite side of the casin and each so as to face inclined or curve surfaces arranged around this casing on its inner faces adjacent to the bucket mouths each pair of surfaces forming recesses which bridge over two buckets so that motive fluid introduced by suitable jets impinges on these faces, is guided on to the buckets then open to them and therefrom on to the next pair of surfaces and on to the next bucket and so on until the fluid is allowed to escape to exhaust.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand in presence of two subscribing witnesses.

JOHN HUTCHINGS.

Witnesses:

JOHN CooDE Home,

G. F. WARREN. 

